Festa della Repubblica - 75 years

The Italian Republic was born 75 years ago on June 2, 1946. It was on that day the Italian people voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a Republic at the end of WWII.

The ceremonies take place in Rome and among others, it includes the deposition of a wreath to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The holiday is also celebrated by a military parade in Via Dei Fori Imperiali the which goes through ancient forums and the Colosseum.

The President of the Italian Republic Sergio Mattarella gives a speech commemorating the event.

The Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi also addresses the Nation.

An airshow of fighter jets flies over leaving trails of green, white, and red smoke (known as Frecce Tricolori), the colors of the Italian flag.

The ceremonies opened this year at the magnificent Altare della Patria in Piazza di Venezia.  The festivities begin with the Italian National Anthem known to the Italians as Inno di Mameli or Il Canto degli Italiani which was written by Goffredo Mameli and set to music by Michelle Novaro in 1847.

Viva Italia!

Corsica - Καλλιστη

We reached Propriano in the late morning thrust by moderately strong winds.  Our attempt to enter the harbor by sails was stressful as we were not familiar with its layout.  My brother’s experience of reaching moorings under sail helped to a successful landing while avoiding causing damage to either the boat or injury to us. 

As soon as we found a berth in the marina and looked around it was obvious that Corsica is a beautiful island.  In addition to its beaches it has many mountains that occupy the central part of the island.  The Ancient Greeks knew and called Corsica Kalliste, that meant beautiful or the best.  In 260 BC Corsica together with Sardinia were incorporated into the Roman Republic.  Romans used it as a place to send their exiles with the most famous one being the philosopher Seneca.  In the 5^th century, Corsica experienced a massive immigration from Tuscany, that influenced its culture and the language spoken by the locals which is very close to Tuscany’s dialect although French is now days the lingua franca.

Wonderful villages like Olmeto are to be found on the mountains in the central part of the island that are characterized by their dense vegetation (maquis). Maquis shrubland is a biome in the Mediterranean region. The name has been adopted by a variety of guerrilla movements as the density of the bush provided protection.  It was in those inaccessible sites that bandits flourished and assisted in the promulgation of vendettas between families that lasted for several generations long after the cause that started them was forgotten. The vendetta was associated with the expectation for family members to take revenge and lasted until nobody remained to be killed.  The bandits d’ honneur were the protectors of the weak and the terror of the strong.  When vendettas were in their peak village activities ceased and families barricaded themselves in their homes for long periods of time.  

In Olmeto we observed a game played with metal balls the Italians call Bocce and the French Pétanque.  Although the game was developed in its present form in Italy its origins trace back to ball games played in Ancient Rome.

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821) is the most famous son of Corsica.  He belonged to a relatively modest family of noble Italian ancestry from Tuscany.  Napoleon was one of the greatest commanders in history, and his campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide.  He won most of the wars he was involved in and the vast majority of his battles, rapidly gaining control of continental Europe before his ultimate defeat in 1815 at Waterloo.