Sunday, June 1, 2014

Olympia and the Ancient Olympic Games

A traveller will encounter the site of the Ancient Olympic games when in western Peloponnese.  The sanctuary, one of the most important in the ancient world was dedicated to the most important God of the Olympic Pantheon, Zeus. The columns in the picture are from Phillipeion an Ionic circular that contained statues of Phillip, his son Alexander the Great and other members of the royal family. 
The most important Temple in Olympia was dedicated to the supreme God of the sky Zeus.  The temple was an example of fully developed Doric order classical Greek temple.  It housed the statue of Zeus sculpted by Phidias was the most famous artistic work in Greece.
Zeus sculpture was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. 
The sculpture, Hermes of Praxiteles, was found where Pausanias had seen it in the late 2nd century AD.  Hermes the messenger of the Gods is carrying the child Dionysus to the nymphs is the creation of the famous sculptor Praxiteles. The statue is today exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia. 
The Olympic flame commemorated Prometheus’ gift to humans and was kept lit throughout the Olympic games. In modern times a torch is lit in Ancient Olympia several months in advance of the opening ceremony.  It is transported with a relay from Greece to the designated stadium in the host country.  Eleven women, representing the Vestal Virgins perform the torch ceremony at the Temple of Hera in sanctuary of Olympia. 
Running events like the 200 and 400 meters were among the most popular in the Ancient Games as they are today.  Two young runners recreate the 400-meter event a two times run the length of the stadium.
Other events were boxing and the Pankration a sport based on boxing and wrestling with hardly any rules.  Biting and gouging ot the opponent eyes were not permitted. The term comes from the Greek word –παγκράτιον - that means "all might”.  
Other popular sports were long jump, shot put, javelin, pentathlon and equestrian events. 

24 comments:

  1. I did not know these 2 definitions nor did I know they were Olympic events (always learning something new):

    Shot put: An athletic event in which contestants attempt to put a heavy metal ball as far as possible.

    Pentathlon: An athletic contest comprising five different track and field events and won by the contestant gaining the highest total score.

    Sounds like the Vestal Virgins are kept busy (they also seem to be models of modern day nuns).

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